Managing Individual Performance

It’s crucial for the manager to make right decisions about the members of his team. The organization can be very successful only in the case of well-balanced personnel, and it’s the manager’s responsibility to employ the right people for the positions. Even when all the technical resources in the company are at the highest level, the skills of employees appear to be the most important key to the organization’s success. It’s a well-known fact that â€Å"†¦everyone wants to feel that they are on a winning team, that the company is moving ahead, and that they are an integral part of the group.† (3)Therefore, it’s necessary for the manager to take employment of personnel very seriously. First of all, the manager needs to make sure he knows all the major objectives which the company sets in front of itself. Without the deep understanding of the organization’s goals, it’s impossible to employ people to achieve those goals. As soon as the goals are determined, it’s necessary for the manager to do his best to find people whose education, general background, and personality will fit the best into the positions available. There is no general criterion for choosing the members of the team because the decision of the manager depends on the goals which he sets for his team.The manager has to analyze the profiles of the potential employees very carefully in order to get a full idea about them. The major criterion is ensuring that every employee in the team will have a position which answers both his expectations and expectations of the company. The goals of the organization will be achieved only in the case when the manager makes right decisions about the choice of employees and the responsibilities which each of them can fulfill the best. However, the task gets more complicated because â€Å"building the winning team requires more than just hiring a bunch of talented people.It means hiring people wh o will work well together. It means developing a shared vision and commitment. It means physically bringing people together in formal group meetings for open discussion of broad-based issues. It means encouraging positive, informal interactions between group members. It means instilling a â€Å"winning† attitude throughout the organization. It means watching for and quickly trying to reverse team-building problems such as jealousy, cynicism, and defensive behavior.† (3)In the simulation I chose the following employees into the team: Tony Wu for the position of building case files; Lisa Stafford to moderate self-help groups, Nicola Minelli for performing follow-ups, and finally Daniel Nichols to supervise confrontation sessions. Out of all the employees whom I selected Daniel Nichols has the most experience, he also has an MBA which puts him one step ahead of everybody else who only have bachelor’s degrees.That is why he gets a very complicated task of supervising confrontation sessions. In order to keep Daniel Nichols motivated, he needs to have an important position, so I chose one for him with the most responsibility. Tony Wu is a good professional, and he cannot fulfill the functions on a very important position just yet because he has never worked as a manager. He is not very ambitious as the profile shows, so he is much better on the position when he has to exercise duties like building case files. Tony Wu has a very important feature of character- accuracy, and this feature is very useful in the position which I have offered to him. For Tony Wu, it’s better to work with documents and build case files because when he has to make important decisions, he might fail them due to his mild character.Lisa Stafford necessarily has to be on my team due to her success-orientation. She is not the type of employee who will sit in the shadow of somebody else during her whole life. She wants to fight for success, and she is very ambitious. He r future is pre-destined by her character, and she will be in the manager’s chair shortly. For the moment, she doesn’t have enough experience to be a manager or supervisor, so the best suitable position for her is moderating self-help groups.However, I as a manager realize that it’s very important to motivate Liza in every possible way because she expects to have the most important chores, and wants to show herself from the best possible side. Out of the last 3 potential employees I have chosen Nichola Minelli. She had almost equal chances with other 2 candidates but I preferred her to them for a couple of reasons. The position which remains vacant is performing follow-ups. I had 3 alternatives for the position: Nicola Minelli, John Connor, and Michelle Levy.The negative side of Michelle Levy is that she is a pessimist. This quality is absolutely inapplicable for the team which we are forming, considering the goals of our organization. John Connor is a very expe rienced worker but I prefer to include younger members in the team who have a high potential. They have a much better performance due to their expectations of future promotion. Nicola Minelli possesses a very important quality which makes her a perfect candidate for the position is that she has good analytical skills.In order to manage the created team effectively, I had to consider many factors. First of all, the ways to motivate every one in the team. Every employee has his own interests and needs, and in order to choose the right strategy of motivation, I needed to study their profiles carefully. Whenever I felt that one member of the team was growing uninterested towards the functions which he was fulfilling, I had to apply different forms of motivation for him. I also needed to check all the time what new responsibilities I can give to the members of the team if I saw they were ready for that.I as well had to consider the way the members of the team interact with each other bec ause a team works successfully only in case when the communication among members is on the highest level. An individual’s personality plays a crucial role in the success of my team as I have discovered. Every person in the team is a part of it. The system can work efficiently only in the case when every part of it works efficiently. If I employ a person for some position whose personality doesn’t answer the responsibilities which he will have to bear, he will not be able to fulfill his duties at the required level.If one of the members stops performing at his required level, it immediately has a deep effect on the work of the whole system because every member is dependent on each other. Another influence on the member’s personality is communication with other members of the team. Individuals employed in one team need to be as compatible as possible by their characters in order to bring success to the organization.â€Å"The 126 item Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI), Form G, provides data on four sets of preferences. These preferences result in 16 learning styles, or types. A type is the combination of the four preferences.† (8) E (extroversion) versus I (introversion) tells about how people â€Å"change their batteries†. Extroverts find all of the support in the outside world, as well as see the outside world as the reason of their failures, if they occur. Such employees are better on important positions because they are very action-oriented.Introverts are more concerned about their inner world of ideas, so they are better at exercising tasks given to them by other people. N (intuition) versus S (sensing) tells about a person’s preference in relying on and making decisions. Some people prefer to rely on their intuition, others on sensing. For my team, I chose 2 members who have intuition preference (men) and 2 members who have sensing preference (women). This creates a good balance. T (thinking) versus F (feeling) tel ls whether a person trusts to his mind more, or to his feelings. People who prefer feeling make decisions according to what their heart says to them.Others are guided by their rational mind. I have also used the same proportion of team members with this preference because this proportion can help employees have right decisions. P (perception) versus J (judgement) describes the way people act in their lives. Perceptive people make spontaneous decisions, and can do things at once when they think of them. Judging people weight their actions first, and provide the analysis of the situation. Perceptive people are more preferable for positions in teams because they make decisions very quickly.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be described as the following:1) Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily comforts, etc.;2) Safety/security: out of danger;3) Belonginess and Love: affiliate with others, be accepted; and4) Esteem: to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition. (7)The hie rarchy of needs effects motivation in such a way that every employee has his needs. One employee only needs his 2 basic needs to be satisfied (psychological and safety). Others will not be satisfied unless they are accepted by others and gain recognition. In order to motivate every employee, you need to know about his needs.You as a manger need to focus on his need satisfaction as the key to motivating him. It’s important to select such team members whose needs are relatively high because they will perform at a very high level in order to achieve the goals which they set for themselves. In the team which I selected, Lisa Stafford and Daniel Nichols are the most competitive, and their needs are definitely on the highest level- of esteem.In order to motivate them, I have to give them the most challenging tasks which will let them show how smart they are and be recognized by everybody. Tony Wu and Nicola Minelli don’t have such high ambitions, and their needs stop at the level of belonginess and love. In order to motivate them, I don’t need to give them high responsibilities for them to be recognized by management. They need to have tasks which from their point of view will bring use to the society and the company.My team selections worked perfectly, exactly like I expected. At the end, I got 100% of performance which is the highest result. I chose all the members of the team in the most efficient way, and placed them on the right positions, and motivated their activity during years in such a way that they performed at their maximum of abilities. The factors which I selected for motivating my team include:reminding them about the importance of the mission for which they are working. Whenever employees felt pessimistic about their work (for example Tony Wu and Nicola Minelli), I made sure he realized how important his work was for the society.giving them an opportunity to show their skills. It was important for Daniel Nichols and Lisa Stafford to show their intellect through difficult assignments they had.giving high responsibilities to the team members who are very ambitious. I needed to motivate Daniel Nichols and Lisa Stafford to keep high interest in the work they were doing.giving recognition to the members who are performing the best. Every member of the team needed recognition for the important work he was doing.promising possibilities of promotion to members who work the hardest. Lisa Stafford and Daniel Nichols need to be promoted soon in order to keep the level of their performance equally high, so I needed to talk about future opportunities with them.Since I chose the best possible team during the first run of the simulation and got 100% performance at the end, all of my later runs of the program didn’t make the result better because my first choice was completely accurate. This lesson learned in the workplace is very useful because it helps us to develop our skills as future managers. When managing rea l teams at companies, we’ll be able to apply everything learned in practice and achieve equally high results which will lead to the success in the organization.Bibliography. Franken, R. (2001). Human motivation (5th ed.).. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Managing People: Motivation Building the Winning Team // www.businesstown.com Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper Nohria, N., Lawrence, P., & Wilson, E. (2001). Driven: How human nature shapes our choices. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. William G. Huitt. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. February 2004. www.gsu.edu

Compare and Contrast the Historical Significance Essay

Compare and Contrast the historical significance between the two world WARS. http://www. diffen. com/difference/World_War_I_vs_World_War_II Similarities Topical sentence: A) Both war led to heavy casualties. 1) WW1: Estimated to be 10 million dead, 21 million wounded, and 7. 7 million missing or imprisoned. 2) WW2: More than 40 million men and women were serving in the armed forces by 1944 and civilian and military deaths exceeded 55 million. Topical sentence: B) same both created a new international co-operation hoping to prevent further conflicts in the future. ) WW1: The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. 2) WW2: The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts. Topical Sentence: C) Similarly, Both brought out the creation of new and dangerous weapons. 1) WW1: Supported by artillery and machine guns, infantry assault, early airplanes and poisonous gas. 2) WW2: a) Nuclear power and missiles were used, modern concepts of covert and special operations. Submarines and tanks were also more heavily used. ) Encryption codes for secret communication became more complex. Topical Sentence: D) Similarly, Genocide was used to torture people from weaker countries. 1) WW1: The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) carried out genocide of Armenians. 2) WW2: German Nazis committed genocide against Jews. Topical Sentence : E)Both sowed the seeds of future wars. 1) WW1: Several alliances formed over the past decades were invoked, so within weeks the major powers were at war; as all had colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world. 1)Rise of Nazism in Germany (regain national glory and prestige) a) Treaty violations and acts of aggression on various fronts. b) Political and economic inst ability in Germany including with humiliation over its defeat in World War 1 and the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles. c) Rise of power of Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party. 1) In the mid-1930s Hitler began secretly to rearm Germany, in violation of the treaty. 2) Adolf Hitler signed alliances with Italy and Japan to oppose the Soviet Union. 2) Rise of Fascism in Italy (regain national glory and prestige) a) Joined the allies in 1915 in hope in getting Dalmatia and Fiume however was only given Istria and Tyrol at the Paris and Peace Conference. b) Italian nationalists occupied Fiume in September 1919 WW2: The wartime conferences and wartime conferences revealed the mutual distrust and disagreements between the USSR and USA cause Cold War. (1)Launching opposing plans and forming opposing organizations a) US- Marshall Plan and formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. ) USSR- Molotov Plan formed the Warsaw Pact within the communist bloc. (2) Organizing spy activities out of deep suspicion and a great sense of insecurity. a) US- Central Intelligence Agency b) USSR – Committee of State Security (3) Using political propaganda to promote each other ideas and attack the other side. a) US- Voice of America to attack communism b)USSR-Radio Moscow to attack capitalism (4) Stopping all kinds of communication to prevent people of its bloc from going over to the other side. ) US- stops communication and stop all cultural exchange b) USSR- tightened all controls and no contact to the west was allowed. Differences Topical Sentence: A) Politically, WW1 had just brought the first recognition & partial actualization of the principle of national self-determination. BUT, after WW2 no people even for colonies could accept their national right being deprived.

What Shoes Should You Wear In France

If you are like me, chances are you have a number of pair of shoes in your closet. Its not easy to pick the ones to travel with. Of course, part of the choice should be comfort. French people love their shoes, and there is a certain shoe etiquette to follow if you want to fit in when traveling to France. Especially for men since French men are quite peculiar about their shoes. Womens Shoes The problem with shoes is that they take a lot of room when you are packing, so which shoes to bring is definitely worth some of your consideration. Pack shoes that are versatile, and that you can wear in different situations. French women wear high-heels but dont usually wear super high heels. Contrary to what you may think, heel shoes French women actually wear are kind of conservative. The thing is in France, particularly in big cities, you can expect to walk. You wont find parking just in front of the restaurant. Valet is not always an option. And with the typical paved Parisian streets, if you dont want to break your ankle, you have to be somewhat conservative. For everyday, older women will still wear heel shoes. Its a question of generation. If youre working in a bank or in a somewhat formal environment, un tailleur (womens suit) and some kind of heel shoes will be recommended. Normal French women would wear comfortable shoes, flats, such as Bensimon, Tods, or some kind of sandals or ballerinas. Birkenstocks and Crocs were fashionable for a short while, but they are not typical of what a French woman would wear. And forget about going to work with sports shoes and a womens skirt suit and changing into your heels in the elevator! A French woman would still wear some kind of ballerinas with a suit, on her way from the mà ©tro to work, and then maybe change into heels at work. Yes, most French women are kind of fashion victims, and if comfort is important, style is usually even more important. Mens Shoes The biggest difference in shoes between France and the US is concerning mens shoes. French men wear bulky sports shoes to practice sports—not to go out.  There is a US trend in France—it can be trendy to wear a hoodie over loose jeans and the latest Nikes or Timberlands boots. It flies when you are in your twenties. But after, your sense of fashion has to grow up. Theres a kind of shoe that is typical for French (younger) men: they are tennis shoes, with laces, but smaller, more delicate than athletic—kind of old fashioned tennis shoes, like street shoes or sneakers. French men (and women) wear them in different colors, but often kind of toned-down, darker colors (as opposed to the often very flashy athletic shoes). They are made of cloth or leather, or suede. Famous brands include Converse or Vans. Skateboarding dudes wear them in the US and this is the typical shoe for a Frenchman in a casual setting, in all seasons. In summer, French men, often a bit older or of higher social class (les bourgeois preppy crowd) wear what we call des chaussures de bateau which can be worn with or without socks, or leather loafers such as Tods.   For young adults, les tongs (flip-flops) are also very fashionable, especially with the summer being so hot lately. But, and this is essential, a Frenchmen would show his feet only if their feet and nails are impeccable. Otherwise, theyll cover them up. Socks and sandals are a big fashion faux-pas in France. For dressy wear or going out, leather shoes are a must, and every French man would have at least one pair of leather shoes—many would wear leather shoes everyday. Les mocassins (loafers) are still very much in fashion, but all kind of leather shoes exist. Ankle leather/suede boots are quite trendy as well.

Battling Inflation Essay - 1599 Words

As prices begin to rise in various sectors of the economy, some businesses are continuing to tread lightly. Keeping costs down has assisted the US economy in balancing the control of inflation better than other countries emerging from the global recession, such as China and Europe. But with the US economy still recovering and inflation rates in other nations rising the concern of slipping back into another recession has become a very real issue. Factors such as supply and demand, price elasticity and inflation are all contributing factors to the outcome. Perhaps one of the most basic, and essential, concepts of economics is supply and demand. The law of supply and demand states that the price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity†¦show more content†¦Trade balance is â€Å"the ratio of imported and exported goods†¦the balance is active if the export goods costs exceed the import goods costs (surplus), otherwise the balance is passive (shortfall)† (Forex, 2011). Globalization has assisted in keeping down the cost of inflation by providing low cost imports from countries such as China by means of low wages. In recent years developing markets have started to become huge consumers of commodities, which is finally putting upward pressure on American prices for many globally traded goods† (Hilsenrath, 2011). Historically, the United States has been a nation of consumerism. Columnist Anup Shah (2010) asserts that consumption trends in the US follow the 80-20 rule, stating that â€Å"the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption†. However, consumerism in the United States doesn’t stop there. Because consumers have become so accustomed to certain norms it can be difficult to determine necessity from commodity. Some items, such as Starbucks, are sometimes put into the same category as necessities, such as gasoline. Economists use the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to measure consumer spending habits and the change in inflation rates. Some have even likened the CPI to â€Å"a tug of war between the prices of goods and the prices of services, playing out beneath the surface† (Hilsenrath, 2011). For years foreign investment has enabled the US to â€Å"have their cake andShow MoreRelatedInsight From Theory And History1638 Words   |  7 Pages(monetary policy). In regards to inflation and battling recession Friedman argues that inflation is strictly a monetary induced issue. By battling inflation through the Keynesian method, where money is pumped into the economy to encourage spending, this in Friedman’s eyes would continue to drive up inflation. 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Russia has sustained significantRead MoreInvestment Objectives And Beliefs At Investus2362 Words   |  10 Pagesin growth has put downward pressure on oil prices resulting in lowering inflation, which should consequently boost household budgets. However, these market conditions could prompt the Bank of England to maintain interest rates at a record low. Oil Declining oil prices have resulted in inflation levels being the lowest witnessed since the Great Depression. The last year is set to be the first year since 1932 where inflation levels were below 2pc in every economy in the G7. Brent Crude was moreRead More Accomplish Victory2010 Words   |  9 PagesThe cause is usually the result from poor money managing from the people managing the money. â€Å"The FED deals with these situations by dumping huge amounts of money supply into the money market. This helps to keep interest rates low even as inflation rises. Inflation is the rise in the prices of goods and services over a period of time.† (22) FED stands for Federal Reserve System, or office. The stimulus package was very poor managed. â€Å"The stimulus package was not as big as some people say the reason

The Columbian Exchange History, Culture, And Agriculture

Geologists believe that over 200 million ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa, eventually creating two separate biological worlds (Crosby, 2009). In 1491, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were nearly impassable barriers, and America might as well have been on another planet from Europe and Asia (Morris, 2011). However, when Christopher Columbus and his fellow voyagers made land in the Bahamas in 1492, the plant, animal, and bacterial life of these two worlds began to mix, and the world as we knew it would be forever changed (McNeil, 2008). The Columbian Exchange is the term used to describe the substantial widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after Columbus’s arrival in 1492. The Columbian Exchange is one of the most significant events to ever occur in the history of world ecology, culture, and agriculture. Although it sparked an unpredictable, uncontrollable interconnected web of events that had immediate and everlasting consequences, Columbus’s voyage to the New World marked a critical turning point in history (National Humanities Center, 2015). Advancements in education, agricultural production, evolution of warfare, and increased mortality rates are just a few examples of how the Columbian Exchange impacted both Europeans and Native AmericansShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Columbian Exchange? Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of this was The Columbian Exchange in which there was a large trade of animals, plants, technology, culture, slaves, diseases, and even new religions. This exchange effected the way Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans lived their daily lives. 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One such influential product during this time period was the cacao, or more commonlyRead MoreAmerica Before Columbus And The Columbian Exchange1597 Words   |  7 PagesIn modern America, we often take for granted the natural world that surrounds us and the American culture which is built upon it. For many of us, we give little thought to the food sources that sustain and natural habitats that surround us because when viewed for what they are, most people assume that they have â€Å"simply existed† since the country was founded. However, the documentary ‘America Before Columbus’ provided this writer an extremely interesting record of how the America we know came toRead MoreFlourishing North American Cultures1455 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan to arrive in the New World, the last era of the pre-Columbian development began. North American cultures such as the Mississippian culture, the Hopewell Tradition, and the Hohokam culture experienced growth and environmental adaptation throughout this era. 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Due to a significant lack of substantial natural resources

Sports Participation Olympic Legacy and Cultural Tourism

Question: 1. Examine critically the relevance of economic theory within sport business markets 2. Employ a range of economic theories and analytical approaches to assist management decision-making within different sports markets and contexts. 3. Interpret and critically evaluate the results of economic investigations within sports business markets. Answer: Introduction Generally, individuals, as well as society, get benefits from sports. It is referred as the most crucial part of the Londons economy which contributes significantly. The contributions come in the form of spending, other economic activities which basically measured by considering Gross Value Added and lastly employment. By sports, the participants get the positive impacts in well-being and health. Sports also bring happiness (DCMS, 2016). In the case of London Olympic 2012 as well as Paralympic games, people get positive energies and wide-ranging positive effects by visualising the games. There are many studies which can assess sports economic benefits. This report will analyse the economic value as well as economic impact in terms of utility and welfare of London sports. Key findings It is known that sports make a lump sum contribution to the individuals lives, to the society as well as to the London economy. From various research, it can be said that the London sports generate the economic value, these are: Firstly, sport related activities had generated GVA of 20.3 billion pounds in 2010. Here, GVA basically helps in measuring each producers contribution or each sectors contribution to Londons economy. GVA is needed to estimate the GDP of London. Thus, the sports of London contributes a major part in the countrys national income. The calculated GVA amount was 1.9% of the total GDP of England. The total revenue generated from sports is greater than the top fifteen industries of London like legal sector, service sector etc. Figure 1: Economic Impact Source: (Sportengland, 2016). Secondly, the sports activities generate a huge amount of job opportunities (Brown et.al., 2013). It was estimated that greater than 400,000 full-time employment opportunities. The calculated percentage is 2.3% of the total job opportunities. Thirdly, playing sports can generate some benefits which involve individual happiness and well-being. Thus, the condition of education and health has improved because it helps to reduce the crime rate among youths and enhance the environmental benefits. It helps in stimulating the regeneration and thus, community development has been taken place to London. The wider benefits to the society can be achieved via the volunteering (Nichols and Ralston, 2011). Lastly, the consumption of the benefits of the sports involves the spectators happiness. When success from sports come in place, it enhances the national pride as well as the feel-good factors among the citizens. In London, the sports economic value in terms of volunteering and health was calculated as 2.7 billion pounds and 11.2 billion pounds respectively in 2011-2012. Figure 2: 2011-2012 estimates Source: (Sportengland, 2016). Sporting Activities From the estimates of 2011-2012, it can be said that 36 percent of the adult citizens that is almost 15.5 million people aged of 16+ participated in sports for once at least in a week for 30 minutes (moderate intensity). Almost 21 million people participated in sports once in a month. More than 6000 organizations of voluntary sports presents in England where 7.6 percent of the total population (3.2 million) gave their contribution in the sports volunteering. Figure 3: Percentage of Adult participation Source: (Sportengland, 2016). According to the reports of 2012, more than 75 million attendances were estimated to involve in the sports events in London. Among these population, 11 million attendances were calculated in Olympic as well as in Paralympic games. 42 million attendance involve in professional football had been accounted. Figure 4: Attendance of Sports Source: (Sportengland, 2016). Expenditure The sports related broadcasting expenditure in London had been calculated nearly about 2.3 billion pounds in 2010. Almost 3.9 billion pounds had been spent on the sports equipment, in sports footwear and clothing, the expenditure had been calculated as 3.8 billion pounds to 28% on footwear and 72 percent on the clothing of sports. In 2010, gambling related to sports were estimated as 4.9 billion pounds. Economic Impact On the basis of the definition of national Accounts of sports, the wider activities of sports like satellite broadcasting or television broadcasting and the sports gambling it can be said that in 2010, the sports of London had produced the Gross Value Added of 20.3 billion pounds. In the analysis part, the further economic model can be perceived to point out the accounting of total economic impacts for the sports participation and the sports consumption. Sports participation includes playing games of sports, sports-related expenditure etc. These were calculated as near about 58 percent of GVA from sports with some consumption related activities like watching sports, sportswear consumption, gambling, and some equipment for recreational utilisation that was responsible for 42 percent. In macroeconomics, GVA plays a key role to enhance the GDP of any country. It can be seen that in London, GVA percentage helps to enhance the GDP. Another factor is an employment opportunity. In terms of job opportunity, sports sector helps a lot. Unemployment is bad for any economy. In London, it can be seen that 440000 full-time jobs were generated by the sports sector. The calculated amount was 2.3 percent of the total employment opportunities in London. Figure 5: GVA contribution (2010) Source: (Sportengland, 2016). It had been accounted that sports participation was 65 percent of the whole sports in relation to the employment and the sports consumption was responsible for 35%. Figure 6: Sports consumption Source: (Sportengland, 2016). Economic value The economic effects of sports in relation with GVA as well as job opportunities are substantial, but all these measures can only capture the sections of economic values. Previously, it is discussed that sports participation can bring the well-being, happiness and reduces the health issues, while the people who love to watch sports, can get the psychological effects and some beneficial effects. In 2012, Olympic Games and Paralympic games were held in London which had brought some wide-ranging and positive impacts. The wider range of benefits of sports to the society as well as individuals can be seen in 2012 and it came from both playing as well as visualising the games. The important benefits are given below. Participation in the benefits of Sports Well-being Firstly, the well-being of individuals and society can be achieved via the sports participation. The DCMS research report has shown the substantial benefits come from the sports participation for which the individual is concerned with respect to the happiness and the well-being. Health Improvement The sports participation assists in the health improvement. The benefits to the society and the individuals from the improvement of health can lead to a healthier society which can reduce the National Health Services costs. The research was undertaken again to value the save costs of the healthcare as well as the total economic value. The total economic value refers to a measure in a broader perspective of the health benefits economic value (Jeppsson and Carlqvist, 2013). Another thing can be discussed that the generation of health benefits have some annual value and it was generated by the sports participation. The estimation of the annual value was 1.7 billion pounds as savings in the costs of the healthcare. 11.2 billion pounds of total economic value was achieved in 2011-2012. Educational Attainment There is an educational attainment improvement of the people who participate in sports. Sports help to enhance the motivation among students. It also can bring improvement in the social relations along with persons and peers in the authorities. It can have a positive effect on time management, self-discipline and the self-esteem. Figure 7: Wider Economic Value Source: (Sportengland, 2016). Reduce Crime rate The sports participation also assists in the reduction of youth crimes and also the anti-social behaviours specifically among the young generations in London. Environment The important effect of sports can be discussed from the viewpoint of environment. Cycling and more walking can be encouraged by sports. Hence, it can reduce the emissions as well as congestion. In this context, it should be remembered that the participants should counterbalance among those. Community Development The projects which are sports related can be used to stimulate regeneration. Thus, the development of community can be achieved. These can be the outcome of the major projects of commercial sports or sports activities in the local community (Tang et.al., 2013). Volunteering The society, as well as individuals of London, can enjoy the benefits via volunteering. The voluntary works consist of broader charitable objectives of the organizations of sports. Not only the society but also the volunteers themselves get the broader benefits after experiencing the charitable works (Fyffe and Wister, 2014). The calculated economic value from the volunteering was 2.7 billion pounds in 2011-2012. It is known that when the GDP of any country increases, the country can achieve growth. However, development is said to be a qualitative approach. When self-esteem, sustainability, discipline, educational attainment are done then the country will be said to be developed (Mankiw, 2013). In the case of London, it can be seen that sports participation not only brings growth but it helps to achieve the development. London Olympics From the above section, it can be seen that the Olympic Games play a key role. The Olympic Games were hosted by London in 2012, 1948 and 1908 (SummerOlympicsNews. 2016). The Olympics of 2012 has been hosted three Olympiads of Games by London. London is the city who had bid greater than once but holding the 100% record. London Olympics of 2012 had promised the engagement of sports by the inspired generation without legacy (Bouka et.al., 2013). Participation The below table will show the year wise participation Table 1: Year-wise participation (male and Female) (DCMS, 2016) It can be said from the table that in 2012 the participation has increased due to the new youth strategy was taken by London sports organizations, enhancing the habit of sports and the legacy of sports in the schools of London (Green, 2012). Based on the table, the column graph can be made. Figure 8: Column graph on Participation in Olympic Games Source: (Author) Funding By pulling the data of ODA and DCMS along with LOCOG, the funding of the Olympic Games can be discussed. The ODA spent 6.248 billion pounds of the public money to get the venues and grounds ready. Another 2.53 billion pounds had spent through local authorities and directly by DCMS. LOCOG had spent 2 billion pounds only. Figure 9: Funding Source: (Rogers, 2012). 1.822Bn were spent in roads, local infrastructure, cleaning up the power lines, site, etc. The costs of the venue were 1.106Bn and 428 had spent for Stadium. The cost of the basketball area was 4m, the security was budgeted as 533m, 296m was included for park transformation. The total funding table will be added in the Appendix. Tourism The Olympics can enhance the revenue of tourism industry of London because people from different regions come to see the games and they stay in different hotels. Apart from this, the participants of Olympic Games stay in 5-star hotels (Prayag et.al., 2013). These can generate revenue from tourism and hence GDP of London has been enhanced. Additional 232m was expected to generate in the restaurant. The customers have spent additional 232m in bars (Stevenson, 2013). Economic leakage Economic leakage refers to the way in which the countrys revenue has been lost to the economy of another country. Leakage was assured in London retail sector. Sector wise leakage can be seen in London because the people were concentrated in some sectors during Olympics (Rose and Spiegel, 2011). Broadcasting In Olympics 2012, the broadcasting was increased via television, internet, satellite etc. The chance of broadcasting was low in 1908 and 1948. Because television and internet service were poor at that time. Conclusion In this report, the effects of sports are discussed. It can be seen that participation in sports help in growth as well development. The Olympic Games of 2012, 1948 and 1908 has been discussed which has shown that participation in sports had increased. The sports participation helps to bring self-esteem and the educational attainment can be done by an individual or the society. References Boukas, N., Ziakas, V. and Boustras, G. (2013). Olympic legacy and cultural tourism: exploring the facets of Athens Olympic heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 19(2), pp.203-228. Brown, G., Hixson, E. and McCabe, V. (2013). Privileged mobility: employment and experience at the Olympic Games. Journal of Sport Tourism, 18(4), pp.265-286. DCMS, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.sportengland.org/media/130949/DCMS-Creating-a-sporting-habit-for-life-1-.pdf Fyffe, I. and Wister, A. (2014). Age differences in Olympic volunteering experiences: an examination of generativity and meaning in life. Leisure Studies, pp.1-14. Green, K. (2012). London 2012 and sports participation: The myths of legacy. Significance, 9(3), pp.13-16. Jeppsson, K. and Carlqvist, P. (2013). The value of the value in health economic modelling. The value in Health, 16(3), p.A27. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2013). Macroeconomics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Mankiw, N. (2013). Macroeconomics. New York, NY: Worth. Nichols, G. and Ralston, R. (2011). Social Inclusion through Volunteering: The Legacy Potential of the 2012 Olympic Games. Sociology, 45(5), pp.900-914. Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Nunkoo, R. and Alders, T. (2013). London residents' support for the 2012 Olympic Games: The mediating effect ofoverall attitude. Tourism Management, 36, pp.629-640. Rogers, S. (2012). London Olympics 2012: where does the money come from - and where's it being spent?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/datablog/2012/jul/26/london-2012-olympics-money Rose, A. and Spiegel, M. (2011). The Olympic Effect*. The Economic Journal, 121(553), pp.652-677. Sportengland, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.sportengland.org/media/177230/economic-value-of-sport.pdf Stevenson, N. (2013). The Complexities of Tourism and Regeneration: the Case of the 2012 Olympic Games. Tourism Planning Development, 10(1), pp.1-16. SummerOlympicsNews. (2016). [online] Olympic.org. Available at: https://www.olympic.org/london-2012-summer-olympics Tang, Z., Dong, W. and Nam, Y. (2013). Towards green growth and low-carbon urban development. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc.

The development of love between Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

The development of love between Romeo and Juliet Paper The development of love between Romeo and Juliet is very rapid and sudden. It is definitely love at first sight, or in Romeos case, just an aftershock after the downfall of a previous love. Both lovers have both experienced what they thought was true love; Romeo was in love with Rosaline, and Juliet was thinking of marrying Paris. This love can be seen as false love as, the moment that they set eyes upon each other their previous loves were all broken and a new one formed. I feel that Romeos love for Rosaline was actually quite strong because he was in a state of utmost depression when she left him. We do not find out much about Juliets love for Paris apart from the fact that she would like to meet him at the Capulet ball. Romeo and Juliets loved can be split up into four stages. These four stages occur in acts one and two. The first time Romeo thinks of Juliet, is in a very abstract dream. In this dream, he does not directly thin of Juliet, but he thinks of a special person entering his life when he goes into the Capulet house, but this love will make him take his life. I think that this shows that their love is definitely made by fate. We will write a custom essay sample on The development of love between Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The development of love between Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The development of love between Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Romeo actually sees Juliet for the first time at the Capulet ball, and thinks that she is the most beautiful creature and that she is a that has ever walked upon the Earth: Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear, so shows a snowy dove trooping with crows when Romeo says this, he may be suggesting that all the other girls and woman at the party are like crows compared to the dove that is Juliet. This most probably includes Rosaline, as she is one of the girls at the party. This is stage one of the development of their love. This shows that he loves her as soon as he sets his sight on her, and he even forgets his melancholy mood made by his last love leaving him. Stage two is when he goes and talks to her, even though all the Capulets have acknowledged that he is of the Montague family. This portrays that his love is extremely strong, that he is willing to go against centuries of hatred between their family names just to talk to Juliet. The event that represents how strong their love is, takes place when they kiss after a few seconds of talking. Nowadays, kissing is not something that happens as soon as a man meets a woman, so it seems quite strange, however it may have been different in their day. I think that this is quite a significant stage of their love for each other as they have now forgotten about their preceding loves and are concentrating on each other. Stage three occurs when they talk about their love of each other at Juliets house. They also talk about how they would each change their names for each other just so that they could be together. Juliet says that Montague is only a name and no part of Romeo so it doesnt really matter anyway. Also, I think that the fact that when Juliet asks him how he got there Romeo says that the love that first prompt me to inquire: he lent me counsel, I lent him eyes This shows that Romeo is completely driven by his love for Juliet. However, he seems to have forgotten his dream about dying if this love continues. Finally, the fourth stage takes place when they agree to marry each other at nine oclock the next morning. This is the stage that surprised me the most, as they had only met for a few hours, had two conversations about how they loved each other, and decided to marry. In this scene Juliet is compared to the beautiful moon, which brightens the night and is complimented several times by Romeo. After a few conversations, as mentioned above, they get married. This either shows that their love is a rushed love, or that it is true love and that they know it is true love. All these stages show the extremely quick development of the love shared by Romeo and Juliet in acts one to two. It shows that they both forget whom they were meant to love or marry, and choose each other instead, in the space of two days. I feel that the development of their love only happened so quickly because fate told them to, and they both followed it. Also, I think it is because they thought each other to be the most beautiful thing that they had ever seen. Juliet obviously liked Romeo more than she like Paris, and Romeo like Juliet more than he like Rosaline.